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Recently, a student at one of our seminars asked about port forwarding on a router. She wanted to allow PPTP clients to connect from the outside to a VPN server on the inside. In this article, I’ll explain how to do it along with a quick look at using static NAT to forward packets to a web server.

Port Forwarding on a Cisco Router

Sometimes we have internal resources that need to be Internet-accessible such as Web servers, mail servers, or VPN servers. Generally, I recommend isolating those resources in a DMZ to protect your office LAN from the bad guys, but regardless of how you choose to design it, the process involves forwarding desired packets from the router’s outside interface to an internal host. It’s really a fairly simple process. Here’s the configuration on a Cisco 2611 router:

interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 12.1.2.3 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.101.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
!
ip nat inside source list 101 interface Ethernet0/1 overload
ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.101.2 1723 interface Ethernet0/1 1723
!
access-list 101 permit ip any any

In the above configuration, Ethernet 0/1 is connected to the public Internet with a static address of 12.1.2.3 and Ethernet 0/0 is connected to the inside network with a static address of 192.168.101.1. NAT outside is configured on E0/1 and NAT inside is configured on E0/0. Access-list 101 works in conjunction with the “ip nat inside source list 101 interface Ethernet0/1 overload” statement to permit all inside hosts to use E0/1 to connect to the Internet sharing whatever IP address is assigned to interface Ethernet E0/1.

The “overload” statement implements PAT (Port Address Translation) which makes that possible. (PAT allows multiple internal hosts to share single address on an external interface by appending different port numbers to each connection.)

The statement “ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.101.2 1723 interface Ethernet0/1 1723″ takes incoming port 1723 (PPTP) requests on Ethernet0/1 and forwards them to the VPN server located at 192.168.101.2.

You could do something similar with a Web server by changing port 1723 to port 80 or port 443. Here’s what that would look like:

interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 12.1.2.3 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.101.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
!
ip nat inside source list 101 interface Ethernet0/1 overload
ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.101.2 80 interface Ethernet0/1 80
!
access-list 101 permit ip any any

In this example, the web server is located at 192.168.101.2 and instead of forwarding PPTP (port 1723) traffic, we’re forwarding HTTP (port 80) traffic.

Obviously, you can configure your Cisco router in a similar manner to forward nearly any type of traffic from an outside interface to an internal host.

Copyright (c) 2008 Don R. Crawley

Don R. Crawley, CCNA-certified, is president and chief technologist at soundtraining.net, the Seattle training firm specializing in business skills and technical training programs for IT professionals. He works with IT pros to enhance their work, lives, and careers. Click here for a free subscription to soundbytes, the 60-second e-zine for IT pros with musings, rants, and how-to guides on things I.T.

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An ethernet hub is used to connect two or more computers and other devices in a local area network. It is commonly used in offices and homes where in two or more devices are meant to files efficiently. For a small office or a home, a passive ethernet hub is usually used to connect all the devices together.

A passive ethernet hub is a type of hub that basically allows interconnectivity and practically nothing else. As earlier mentioned, it is ideal for home use because it can only accommodate a limited amount of shared information without bogging down the whole network. Before you go and buy this type of ethernet hub, make sure that you’re only going to use it for a few computers. It’s also best to determine how many computers you’re going to connect using the hub so as to ensure that you’re actually getting the right one for your office.

The good thing about passive ethernet hubs is that you can use them in conjunction with intelligent or active hubs. In case you need to get more than just interconnectivity, you can just install an active hub in the future. Passive hubs are typically used only to keep all the cables organized by making them originate from only one source. This makes physical maintenance a lot more convenient. They are called passive essentially because they don’t modify the signals that they are supposed to be passing along. In essence, whatever electrical signal passes into the hubs will be the same thing that is broadcasted to the whole network. It is not amplified unlike with active hubs.

More information on Passive Ethernet Hub is available in Picky Guide, one of the fastest growing online magazines giving free consumer reviews and information.

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Given the situation, there have been some attempts on the part of the government to spread awareness of computer crime, but not on a mass scale. It will be possible to spread awareness of computer forensics only after consciousness about computer crimes increase. The attempt should be two pronged — to dissipate ignorance — and to clear misconceptions. It is no point talking of what comes after the crime to people who do not even know what a crime is. This makes life much harder for computer forensics specialists, as they have to deal with clients who get the evidence tampered and covered without any idea of what they are doing. Online crimes have shaken the UK repeatedly during the past three years, but most home users still do not update their antiviruses. Very few companies have security measures in place, and in the lack of a comprehensive and forceful application of data protection laws, will probably continue being callous, bringing down a lot of misery on themselves and their clients.

Government Enterprise

Below is a list of government concerns that deal with computer crimes:

• The local police force: According to the Home Office, all computer crimes should first be lodged with the local police force, who should be equipped either to deal with it, or pass it on to the appropriate higher authority.
• SOCA: Serious and Organised Crime Agency is the body to which the former computer crime investigative wing, National High Tech Crime Unit (NHTCU) now belongs.
• CEOP: Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre tries to capture online child sexual exploiters and spread awareness among children. They even have an offline campaign.
• CESG: Communications Electronics Security Group is in charge of IT and communications safety for UK government agencies, including the armed forces.
• NISCC: National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre works on risk reduction for and safe information sharing among government departments.
• Others: The home office has a computer crime policy team and the DTI conducts the aforesaid survey; the cabinet has the Central Sponsor for Information Assurance who are running the public awareness campaigns like Get Safe Online, and IT safe.

Computer Forensics and Corporate Houses — the Pros and Cons

With so many bodies to report to, how many of the computer crimes actually get reported every year by corporate houses? Unfortunately, we can see only the tip of the iceberg so far. Most companies are scared to report as they fear public backlash, media firing, client dispersal, and some gleeful comments from rival groups. Just like crime, justice too travels very fast on the internet, and the clients may come to know of the fiasco sooner than the company expects. This has happened to several gigantic concerns in the recent past, and it is hoped that all other companies would learn through their folly. Companies are scared about calling in data recovery professionals as they fear the safety of their data in the hands of the rescuers, and much the same reason is given when it comes to forensics experts too. One can always take the extra precaution of choosing a really reliable company and paying them well enough where high volumes of data have been compromised, and the trail is getting colder every second. It is the duty of a business house to locate and employ proper investigators when so many other people’s labours are at stake, and they have to find a way to do it.

James Walsh is a freelance writer and copy editor. For more information on computer crime and Computer Forensics see http://www.fieldsassociates.co.uk

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Golf breaks in Algarve give tourists a chance to enjoy a superb sunny holiday at the fabulous Algarve region of Portugal. The Algarve region of Portugal lies in the southernmost area of Portugal and is a famous tourist destination of Europe. Algarve has beautiful long sandy beaches coupled with picturesque rocky bays. The region enjoys pleasant sunny climate throughout the year, making it the most popular among the tourists. The warm sea is very inviting and affords many opportunities for various water sports. The Algarve is renowned for its high quality and varied golf course, providing avid golfers with exciting treat.

Golfing holidays in Portugal offer the tourists unlimited fun comprising the sea, sun, sand and golf. The tourists can look forward to the most relaxing vacation by way of golf breaks in Portugal. The Algarve has options for renting luxury villas for the vacation purposes. These luxury villas are located magnificently with sea facing or rustic rural settings. The rental luxury villas are excellently designed and fully furnished with abundant luxuries like pool, fully equipped kitchens, baths and bedroom, maid services and barbecues. One can have the pleasure of staying in a home away from home while on vacation.

The different golf courses at Algarve include San Lorenzo, Quinta do Lago, Penina, Vale do Lobo, Old Course Vilamoura and Pinheiros Altos. The golf break allows advance booking of the golf courses at cheap rates and the golf lovers can avail good facilities at fine golfing hotels in Algarve. The tourists get best deals at discounted rates by way of golf breaks and can enjoy all that Algarve has to offer in terms of nature, tourist attractions along with golf.

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For more golf tips visit golf tournament organizing and cheap golf holidays

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Third generation (3G) mobile phones are getting popular by the day. Supported by 3G service providers, these sophisticated handsets are empowered to deliver more to an highly expectant group of phone users. One can use these mobile phones to access the world of entertainment and information — apart from staying connected with people who matter in more innovative and special ways. After all, even a few years ago, it was quite hard to imagine that one day it would be possible to see the face of the person one is talking to! This and many other amazing feats make 3G handsets really special. The Sony Ericsson z610i is one such 3G mobile phone that is fascinating users with its cutting edge functionality as well as sleek looks.

Available in an attractive clamshell design, the Sony Ericsson z610i definitely is pleasing to the eye. The hidden mirror effect of the external display enhances the appeal of this alluring handset. The user-friendly capabilities that are a part of the Sony Ericsson z610i make it invaluable. One can check emails, browse the internet, make video calls and conduct video conferences — all at the click of a button. One can download and read heavy email attachments in the z610i. The Sony Ericsson z610i can be used as a digital camera — a 2.0 mega pixel camera is an important part of this mobile phone model.

This highly sophisticated and sleek mobile phone is now available at industry leading costs. Leading 3G service providers in the UK, for instance, are offering attractive deals on the use of this mobile phone model. Phone users can now choose a particular tariff option from among the multitude of such deals that are available to cater to their specialized needs. They can choose a contract deal on the Sony Ericsson z610i depending on their budget, talking habits and individual requirements.

Caitlin Lucy is a Expert Author. She has written good quality articles on Mobile phones and Sim free phones.

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Among all the rapid advancement of technological devices and gadgets, computers are probably the most important and ubiquitous. Everybody has one. They can be used for whatever business you may have. And, the great thing about it is they could be bought online, as well.

If buying a computer online is on your list, it might be a task that could bring about a bit of careful assessment and evaluation. However, that would be easy since you would have access to the prices and product information from different companies online.

The great thing about buying computers online is you would be able to get one with good specifications at a reasonable rate compared to before, when computers would cost much more. There are just some things you need to keep in mind as you browse for a computer online.

Make sure that you know exactly what you will be using your computer for. Most computers being sold these days have 512 MB of RAM. This would be fine if you are just intending to use it for internet surfing or word processing. However, it is much more recommended to buy a computer that has not lower than 1 GB of RAM, as you never know when you will be needing the additional memory.

Now, if you would be using it for playing optimized games and video, then you would definitely be better off with a high-end computer. If you are a person who likes things to run fast, then you would need to purchase a computer that has a good processor. There are processors available in the market that allow multi-tasking which would be excellent for those who need speed in the work they do on their computers.

As you start to buy your computer online, make sure that you do a lot of research and comparison of price and specifications so that you know exactly what to expect. Also make sure that you buy additional warranty that would certainly help you a lot if ever something goes wrong.

Where to buy desktops online? While it is important to buy from popular online retailers, you can save lot of money if you look for some good deals, bargains and discount coupons at the CheapStingyBargains.com deals site. You can buy desktops, dell laptops, apple ipods and HP printers and save money in the process as well.

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The computer mouse has definitely made a long journey since its inception in 1964. This input device is used for pointing and function selection. It is necessary for convenient and efficient work and play. These days it is not only used for pointing the cursor but can control almost any aspect of the PCs operation.

Computer mice are of four types - Mechanical, Optical, Laser and Trackball. Mechanical mice are the traditional ball models that are bulky and require cleaning from time to time for efficient performance. Dirt and small particles can get caught up in between the rollers and has to be cleaned using cotton and a solution. The optical mouse, however, do not function in this way and have no rollers or balls. They use an LED and sensor (unlike the ball model) to detect movement and hence dirt does not get trapped in. The modern ones use laser light instead of an LED and these give top level performance. TrackBall mouse is one in which a prominent tracking ball that reduces hand movement (thumb and finger alone involved) is provided and functions very accurately. However this type is less common.

The connection modes for mouse are - wireless or wired. The wireless variety requires a wireless receiver that has to be connected to the computer. These are ideal for portables and notebooks. There are two technologies in use bluetooth (with operating range of about 30 to 60 feet) and RF (uses radio frequency and operating range is 15 to 30 feet) Hand orientation may be symmetrical or specific, and the symmetrical one is recommended. Wired mice are connected via electric cables to either the USB or PS/2 interface whereas the wired types require AA or AAA batteries. The bluetooth mouse are similar to most wireless varieties but unlike them, these are connect to the system via bluetooth and therefore do not block valuable USB ports.

The other specifications that need attention are the buttons and wheels. USB and PS/2 ports are the commonly used interfaces. While some mice come with 2 buttons and a wheel for scrolling in the middle, some Mac mice do not have the scrolling wheel control. Some mice are specifically designed and used for gaming purposes alone are available as wireless, wired or Bluetooth. Logitech, Microsoft, Kensington are a few top names that manufacture computer mice.

Visit Computer Mouse website to find best buys, compare prices and read reviews on Logitech and Kensington Computer Mouse Reviews.

For the single man and woman, you will still need to take good care of yourselves and probably your parents. Hence, it is essential that you still cover yourselves totally on hospitalization by purchasing the integrated shield plan offered by the insurance companies.

Since you are independent, you may also want to purchase the Disability Income Insurance so that you still have continuous stream of income even if you cannot work to support yourselves. This income is useful for you to engage some help on nursing care and to pay off daily expenses. The Long Term Care Insurance, e.g. ElderShield offered by government, will also take care of you financially in case you cannot perform some of the activities of daily living such as washing/bathing, dressing, feeding, toileting, mobility and transferring in your old age.

And don’t think that you do not need a life insurance policy just because you are single. You should at least get one life policy that cover Critical Illness so that you are able to use the payout for some treatment and medicine that you need to buy while recuperating at home.

Lastly, when you reach 55, you must buy the Annuity Insurance policy so that you have a permanent stream of income given to you as long as you live.

So with sufficient insurance coverage, you will still lead a happy single enjoying life after retirement. So start planning and take action now!!!

Ginny Lim Email: ginnylim@income.com.sg Web: http://www.aboutfinancialplanning.net

Selling computers online or on auction sites like Amazon or eBay is not that difficult you just need to know a few basics before getting started. This article will explore some of the best ways to sell computers on eBay and other online avenues.

The first thing you need to know is which computers are selling best on eBay. The way I do this is by going to eBay pulse. EBay pulse will show you what the top ten searches are within a given category on eBay. This is a free eBay service and works fairly well at finding what products are in demand in a particular month. There are more sophisticated tools you can buy that will give more details as to what people are wanting on eBay but if you are on a tight budget then eBay pulse will do.

Once you know what computers are in demand, then you will need to find a reliable supplier. I tend to use dropshippers when selling products on eBay. The reasons are simple. When you use a dropshipping company you don’t have to buy the product until after you have sold it. Unlike buying from a wholesaler where you have to put a lot of money upfront and purchase large amounts. If you aren’t able to sell the product then you will be stuck with product you don’t really want. Using a drop shipper will allow you to test the waters and see what is hot on eBay and what you can really sell. The other advantage to using a dropshipper to sell computers is that you will not have to inventory the items nor ship them. The dropshipper will send the computer directly to your customer using your name or company name. When looking for a dropshipping company try to find one that offers pre-made eBay listings for their products so that you can list products fast. This will save you lots of time and hassles.

The key to selling computers online is to find out which products are in demand and then find a reliable drop shipping company to supply you with product. Good luck and happy eBay selling.

Find reliable computer dropshippers at http://www.legitimatedropshippers.com where we have tips, articles and resources on how to find legitimate dropshippers to supply your online venture.

Battle Chess is a computer game version of chess released for the 3DO, PC, Apple IIGS, Commodore 64, Amiga, Amiga CDTV, CD32, AtariST, Apple Macintosh, Acorn Archimedes, and the Nintendo Entertainment System. Developed by Interlay Productions, Inc., the game was designed to draw people who did not normally play chess.

Battle Chess elevates the game beyond a mere cerebral one and into a full-fledged war with riveting graphics and animations that bring each piece to life. The objective is the same as the board game version–to capture enemy pieces and finally the King.

The animations are extremely entertaining and clever. The Bishop fights opponents by using magic and twirling a staff with retractable blades that resemble a martial arts expert. The Pawn performs wizardry and hits the ground with the butt of his lance that creates a large hole large enough to swallow the Bishop. The Queen uses magic to capture opponents, and also blasts them to pieces using bolts of energy. In one animated sequence, the Queen decimates the opposing Knight and blasts the Bishop with such force that only his skeleton remains!

The others have moments of glory too, and the Queen does not always dominate. For example, when the Queen throws her energy bolt at the Knight, the Knight can in turn use his shield to redirect the bolt back at the Queen and turn her into a small dragon. The Rook transforms himself into a large rock monster and attacks the Queen, swallowing her whole. The Rook also reduces the Knight to a helmet with feet by pounding the Knight’s head.

The King also has a bag of dirty tricks. He takes a gun against the Bishop, strikes down the Rook with magic powder, and hurls a bomb at the Knight. When capturing the Queen, he embraces her passionately before hitting her with his scepter when she tries to stab him in the back with a knife.

When defeated, the King ends up resembling a deflated two-dimensional cartoon character. The Knight cuts open the King’s robe, and pounds him into a two dimensional version of himself that looks as though he has been run over by a steam roller. The Pawn, with a flip of his lance, then takes the King’s crown for himself as the King pounds the ground in frustration.

Battle chess attracted a large number of imitators but none matched the humorous animation of artists Todd Camasta and Bruce Schlickbernd. The game can be played with 3D animation, and there is also a version in 2D with no animation. There are a total of 30,000 different moves in the game’s library. It can be played across 10 levels of increasing difficulty. The game can be played with a human opponent or against the computer. Another entertaining option is watching the computer play against itself.

For more information about chess strategies and playing tips visit http://www.chessmovespro.com